Lexical differences between Kazakh and Kyrgyz
The orthography used to represent Turkic languages on this page is a phonemic system based on Turkish orthography. |
This is here mainly to quantify lexical differences between Kazakh and Kyrgyz.
For further information on sound correspondence issues, see Turkic sound changes and Turkic words that shouldn't be as they are.
Contents
False friends A
(Words that look/sound similar, but meaning different - probably unrelated)
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
word | gloss | word | gloss |
tamaşa | a joke | tamaşa | perfect |
zaŋ | shit | zaŋ | law |
saz | swamp | saz | melody |
ıya | huh? | iyä | yes |
say- | to plug in, stab, inject, stick in, fuck | sayıs- | to compete |
False friends B
(Words that look/sound similar, but meaning different - probably related)
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
word | gloss | word | gloss |
arman | a regret, a sorrow | arman | dream / a wish for something to come |
eje | mother | äje | grandmother |
apa | mother | apa | older female [relative] |
bayke (<*bay ake), ağa | older brother | äke; ağa | father; older brother |
juma | friday, week | juma | friday (, dial. week) |
jönököy | simple | jönekey | ? |
jön | simply | jön | normal?, correct? |
jay | slow | jay | slow, simple, quiet |
tamga | letter (of alphabet) | taŋba | ~sign, tamga |
jığaç | wood | ağaş | tree, wood |
baq | tree | baq | garden |
tuura | correct, straight | tuwra | straight |
durus | ? | durıs | correct |
aruu | ~pure (adj.) | arıw | beautiful girl (n.) |
qalta | ~cloth/sack for carrying something | qalta | |
uq- | listen | uq- | ~understand |
şaş- | hurry | sas- | be panicked (about) |
oromo | a wrapped steamed ~dumpling | oralma | headscarf |
orol- | to be wrapped | oral- | return (v.i.), come back, ..? |
qarma- | hold | qarma- | catch |
ata | father | ata | grandfather |
qabırğa | rib(s) | qabırğa | wall |
qalempir | pepper | qalampır | clove(s) |
qaalağan | any | qalağan | [something] that's wanted |
kez kelgen | that's turn/time has come (?) | kez kelgen | any |
tuu- | to bear child (animal) | tuw- | to bear child (general/human) |
alp | big, strong; giant (adj.), huge | alıp | hero, giant (n.); big, strong |
döö | cyclops, monster | däw | huge (slang) |
min- | to ride an animal | min- | to ride an animal; climb up, to get on (a bus) |
qayra | back (p.i.), again; (returning herd animals to corral?) | qayıra | returning herd animals to corral |
beldik | [woman's] backband, girth?, girdle? | beldik | backband, girth, girdle, belt |
köktöm (archaic) | early spring | köktem | spring, early spring |
jaz | spring | jaz | summer |
el | nation, people | el | nation, people, state, country |
ölkö | country, state | ölke | area of land (specific? general?) |
aqırın | quietly, slowly | aqırın | quietly, slowly, carefully |
Words where cognate doesn't exist
(bold = word doesn't exist as cognate; every line should have at least one bolded word)
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
word | gloss | word | gloss |
üy bülö | family | otbası | family |
ooba | yes | iyä | yes |
ıya? | huh? | ||
tataal | complicated/complex | keşendi | complicated/complex |
qotor- | translate, convert | awdar- | translate, convert |
emerek | furniture | jıyhaz | furniture |
je (emese) | or (if so) | nemese | or |
daroo | immediately | birden | " |
qoqus(tan) | suddenly | ? | |
ayant | [city] square | alaŋ | " |
(suuğa) tüş- | şomalda- | to bathe | |
qooz | pleasant to look at (not person) | ? | |
mıyzam | law | zaŋ | " |
unaa | means of transportation | kölik | " |
ele | (many uses) | — | |
da | (mood marker) | — | |
elek | (tense marker - "not yet") | — | |
jomoq | fairy tale | ertek | " |
obon | melody | saz | " |
ır | song | än | " |
ırda- | sing | än ayt- | " |
manja | finger | sawsaq | " |
uy | cow | sıyır | " |
çaqa (dial. çelek) | bucket | şelek | bucket |
apta (dial.) | week | apta | week |
çöntök | qalta | ||
uq- | listen, hear | esit- | hear |
uq- | listen, hear | tıŋda- | listen |
başqaruuçu | boss | bastıq | boss |
izilde- | research | zerte- | research |
kiyinki | next, following | kelesi | next, following |
jooluq | scarf | oralma | headscarf |
toqoy | forest | orman | forest |
qarma- | hold | usta- | hold |
dubal | wall | qabırğa | wall |
çağılğan | lightning | nayzağay | lightning |
çoŋ | big | ülken | big |
çoğuu | together | birge | together |
tör- | to bear child (human) | tuw- | to bear child |
jaşılça | vegetable(s) | kökinis | vegetable(s) |
belek | gift | sıylıq | gift |
şüüdürüm | dew | şıq | dew |
tilekke qarşı | unfortunately | ökinişke oray | unfortunately |
ün alğıç | radio | ||
sın alğıç | television | teledıydar | television |
qaarman | hero, character | keyipker | character |
munay | [earth] oil | ||
köp | often | jiyi, ılğıy | often |
tap-taqır | completely | mülde, tipten | completely |
mayram | celebration, holiday | mereke, mayram | celebration, holiday |
qılım | century | ğasır | century |
boz üy | yurt | kiyiz üy | yurt |
tepkiç | stairs | baspaldaq | stairs |
keste | schedule | ||
eleme- | ignore | ||
täwir | decent | ||
urmat, sıy, ızaat | respect | qurmet, sıy, qoşemet, izet | respect |
qayra, qayta | back (p.i.), again | qayta | back (p.i.), again |
çeyin, deyre | before, until | şeyin, deyin | |
quur | belt | beldik, belbew, taspa? | belt |
topçu, tüymö | button (on clothing) | tüyme | |
kir, (ıplas??) | dirty | kir, las | dirty |
jay | summer | jaz | summer |
tübölük(kö) | forever, eternal(ly), everlasting(ly) | mäŋgi | forever, eternal(ly), everlasting(ly) |
taarın- | to get offended | ökpele- | to get offended |
zarıl | necessary/necessarily | qajet | necessary/necessarily |
küzgü | mirror | ayna | mirror |
qoşuna | neighbour | körşe | neighbour |
böbök | baby | säbiy, närestey, böpe, äldiy?, böbek? | baby |
ulaan, ula(n(t))- | continuing (adj.); continue (v.i.), keep doing, continue (?) | uzar(t)- | to continue (v.i., v.t.) |
(aylana)-(çöyrö) | environs | (aynala)-(qorşaw) | environs |
jooker, (sarboz (archaic)) | soldier | sarbaz | soldier |
atayın | on purpose | qasaqana | on purpose |
atayı(n) emes, qoqustan | by accident | abaysızdan | by accident |
ırğıt- | throw, chuck | laqtır- | throw, chuck |
paymandas | brave | batıl, betti, jalaŋ tös | brave |
muştum | fist | judırıq | fist |
borbor | center | oşaq | center |
soy- | slaughter [livestock] (and cutting other things open, like watermelons) | bawızda- | slaughter [livestock] |
tosqool | hindrance, obstacle | böget | hindrance, obstacle |
Words where cognate's form is different
(or where only part of cognate is the same; cognate pieces underlined)
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
word | gloss | word | gloss |
ayıl | village | awıl | village |
iş/jumuş qıl- | to work | jumıs iste- | to work |
tiyeşelüü | concerning | tiyisti | concerning |
qatıstı | related to | ||
(bir) tuulğan | relative | tuwıs | relative |
erteŋ menen | morning | taŋ-erteŋ | morning |
etiş | verb | etistik | verb |
zat atooç | noun | zat esim | noun |
kiçinekey | little | kişkentay | little |
teskeriçe | backwards, other way around | kerisinşe | backwards, other way around |
tıyın çıçqan | squirrel | tiyin | squirrel |
naqta | real | nağız | real |
suroo | question | suraq | question |
qız quumay | girl chasing | qız quwıw | girl chasing |
amerikalıq | American | amerikandıq | American |
abayla! | be careful! | abay bol! | be careful! |
Cognates where default variant is different
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
word | gloss | word | gloss |
aqısız, tegin | free (of cost) | tegin, aqısız | " |
jardam, kömök | help, aid, assistance | kömek, jardam | " |
jönöt-, jiber- | send | jiber-, jönet-, jolda- | " |
jaqında | near | jaqında, juwıqta | " |
jaq- | to be pleasing to | jaq-, una- | " |
joluq-, kezdeş- | to meet (with) | kezdes- | " |
daraq, baq | tree | ağaş, daraq | " |
şaar | city | qala, şahar (dial.) | " |
jılmay- | smile | kül-, jımıy- | " |
muzdaq | cold (beverage) | muzdaq, muzday (dial.), salqın | " |
bat, tez, ıldam, baçım, qatuu | "fast" | tez, jıldam | " |
taqır | completely, bald | taqır | bald |
tap-taqır, müldö, tipti | completely, totally | mülde, tipti, tipten | " |
töş, kökürök | chest (anat.) | tös, kewde, omıraw, kökirek | " |
bürsügünü, ((n)arı künü?) | day after tomorrow | arı küni, bürsigüni | " |
ajatqana, daaratqana, töölöt | bathroom/toilet | däretxana, äjetxana, tuwälet | " |
dayar, dayın (dial.) | ready | dayın, dayar, saylawlı | " |
keleçek, (boloçoq) | future | bolaşaq, keleşek | " |
şamal, jel | wind, breeze | jel, samal | " |
Cognates with different vowel harmony
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
word | gloss | word | gloss |
maani | meaning | mağına, män | meaning |
maalımat | information | mälimet, mağlumat | information |
aalam | ~world | ğalam, älem | world |
baarı | all | bäri | all |
daarat | excrement | däret | excrement |
salam | a greeting | sälem | a greeting |
jana | and | jäne | and |
araket | attempt, try (~n.) | äreket | attempt, try (~n.) |
ajatqana | toilet/bathroom | äjetxana; qajet | toilet/bathroom; necessary |
raqmat | thanks | raqmet | thanks |
urmat | respect | qurmet | respect |
qata | mistake | qate | mistake |
qana | ~"let me see" | käne | ~"let me see" |
mayram | celebration | meyram | celebration |
qalempir | pepper | qalampır | clove(s) |
azır | now | qazir, äzir | now |
misal | example | mısal | example |
kitep | book | kitap | book |
miŋ | 1000 | mıŋ | 1000 |
idiş | dish | ıdıs | plate |
tıyın çıçqan | squirrel | tiyin | squirrel |
ısım | name | esim | name |
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
jıldız | star | juldız | star |
jıpar | perfume | jupar | perfume |
mında/y | here / like this | munda/y | here / like this |
büt- | to finish (v.i.) | bit- | to finish (v.i.) |
münöz | person's character | minez | person's character |
tobokel | risk (n.) | täwekel | risk (n.) |
Kazakh words Fatima doesn't know
Maybe they're from a different dialect, or literary, but they're in the dictionary and have cognates in Kyrgyz.
- mıq - nail (n.)
- öb- - kiss (v.)
- jıljıtpa amal - cunning plan
Uncategorised
- Kazakh jüye - system
- basqı, başqı
- Kazakh mülde
- Kyrgyz ayabay
- Kazakh saw bol-
- Kazakh abay bol-, Kyrgyz etiyet bol-
- Kyrgyz qamsız qıl-
- Kyrgyz jaşoo
- qarın/qursaq
- Kyrgyz adis 'specialty, specialist', Kazakh mamandıq 'specialty', maman 'specialist', ädis ?'specialty'
- Kazakh mätin
- Kazakh amal joq, Kyrgyz ayla joq
- mıq/jügir??/şege
- Kyrgyz mint-/mınti-, anti- (antkeni), oşent-, qanti-, tigint-; Kazakh öyt- (öytkeni), söyt-, qayti-
- Kyrgyz tigi
- Kazakh/Kyrgyz
jolı/jolu, ret/iret - Kazakh lıpıl
- Kyrgyz qıtığıla- / Kazakh qıtıqta-
- Kyrgyz küü / Kazakh küy
- Kyrgyz ölöŋ / Kazakh öleŋ
- Kyrgyz taandıq / Kazakh tän
- Kazakh jarlıq
- qarapayım/kademki(/kädemgi)
- Kazakh jappay?