Lexical differences between Kazakh and Kyrgyz

The orthography used to represent Turkic languages on this page is a phonemic system based on Turkish orthography. This is done to avoid focusing on the phonetic differences between different languages used. The IPA is used when describing the phonetics of Turkic languages.

This is here mainly to quantify lexical differences between Kazakh and Kyrgyz.

For further information on sound correspondence issues, see Turkic sound changes and Turkic words that shouldn't be as they are.

False friends A

(Words that look/sound similar, but meaning different - probably unrelated)

Kyrgyz		Kazakh
word	gloss	word	gloss
tamaşa	a joke	tamaşa	perfect
zaŋ	shit	zaŋ	law
saz	swamp	saz	melody
ıya	huh?	iyä	yes
say-	to plug in, stab, inject, stick in, fuck	sayıs-	to compete
ıyıq	holy	ıyıq	shoulder

False friends B

(Words that look/sound similar, but meaning different - probably related)

Kyrgyz		Kazakh
word	gloss	word	gloss
arman	a regret, a sorrow	arman	dream / a wish for something to come
eje	mother	äje	grandmother
apa	mother	apa	older female [relative]
bayke (<*bay ake), ağa	older brother	äke; ağa	father; older brother
juma	friday, week	juma	friday (, dial. week)
jönököy	simple	jönekey	?
jön	simply	jön	normal?, correct?
jay	slow	jay	slow, simple, quiet
tamga	letter (of alphabet)	taŋba	~sign, tamga
jığaç	wood	ağaş	tree, wood
baq	tree, garden	baq	garden
tuura	correct, straight	tuwra	straight
durus	?	durıs	correct
aruu	~pure (adj.)	arıw	beautiful girl (n.)
qalta	~cloth/sack for carrying something	qalta	pocket
uq-	listen	uq-	~understand
şaş-	hurry	sas-	be panicked (about)
oromo	a wrapped steamed ~dumpling	oralma	headscarf
orol-	to be wrapped	oral-	return (v.i.), come back, ..?
qarma-	hold	qarma-	catch
ata	father	ata	grandfather
qabırğa	rib(s)	qabırğa	wall, rib(s)
qalempir	pepper	qalampır	clove(s)
qaalağan	any	qalağan	[something] that's wanted
kez kelgen	that's turn/time has come (?)	kez kelgen	any
tuu-	to bear child (animal)	tuw-	to bear child (general/human)
alp	big, strong; giant (adj.), huge	alıp	hero, giant (n.); big, strong
döö	cyclops, monster	däw	huge (slang)
min-	to ride an animal	min-	to ride an animal; climb up, to get on (a bus)
qayra	back (p.i.), again; (returning herd animals to corral?)	qayıra	returning herd animals to corral
beldik	[woman's] backband, girth?, girdle?	beldik	backband, girth, girdle, belt
köktöm (archaic)	early spring	köktem	spring, early spring
jaz	spring	jaz	summer
el	nation, people	el	nation, people, state, country
ölkö	country, state	ölke	area of land (specific? general?)
aqırın	quietly, slowly, (deliberately?)	aqırın	quietly, slowly, carefully, (deliberately?)
bat-	to fit (in somewhere), to set (heavenly body), ...	bat-	to set (heavenly body)

Words where cognate doesn't exist

(bold = word doesn't exist as cognate; every line should have at least one bolded word)

Kyrgyz		Kazakh
word	gloss	word	gloss
üy bülö	family	otbası	family
ooba	yes	iyä	yes
ıya?	huh?
tataal	complicated/complex	keşendi	complicated/complex
qotor-	translate, convert	awdar-	translate, convert
emerek	furniture	jıyhaz	furniture
je (emese)	or (if so)	nemese	or
daroo	immediately	birden	"
qoqus(tan)	suddenly	?
ayant	[city] square	alaŋ	"
(suuğa) tüş-		şomalda-	to bathe
qooz	pleasant to look at (not person)	?
mıyzam	law	zaŋ	"
unaa	means of transportation	kölik	"
ele	(many uses)	—
da	(mood marker)	—
elek	(tense marker - "not yet")	—
jomoq	fairy tale	ertek	"
obon	melody	saz	"
ır	song	än	"
ırda-	sing	än ayt-	"
manja	finger	sawsaq	"
uy	cow	sıyır	"
çaqa (dial. çelek)	bucket	şelek	bucket
apta (dial.)	week	apta	week
çöntök	pocket	qalta	pocket
uq-	listen, hear	esit-	hear
uq-	listen, hear	tıŋda-	listen
başqaruuçu	boss	bastıq	boss
izilde-	research	zerte-	research
kiyinki	next, following	kelesi	next, following
jooluq	scarf	oralma	headscarf
toqoy	forest	orman	forest
qarma-	hold	usta-	hold
dubal	wall	qabırğa	wall
çağılğan	lightning	nayzağay	lightning
çoŋ	big	ülken	big
çoğuu	together	birge	together
tör-	to bear child (human)	tuw-	to bear child
jaşılça	vegetable(s)	kökinis	vegetable(s)
belek	gift	sıylıq	gift
şüüdürüm	dew	şıq	dew
tilekke qarşı	unfortunately	ökinişke oray	unfortunately
ün alğı	radio
sın alğı	television	teledıydar	television
qaarman	hero, character	keyipker	character
		munay	[earth] oil
köp	often	jiyi, ılğıy	often
tap-taqır	completely	mülde, tipten	completely
mayram	celebration, holiday	mereke, mayram	celebration, holiday
qılım	century	ğasır	century
boz üy	yurt	kiyiz üy	yurt
tepkiç	stairs, ladder	baspaldaq, şatı	stairs, ladder
		keste	schedule
tootpo-, etibar qılba-, köŋül salba-	ignore / not pay attention to	eleme-	ignore (not pay attention to)
		täwir	decent
urmat, sıy, ızaat	respect	qurmet, sıy, qoşemet, izet	respect
qayra, qayta	back (p.i.), again	qayta	back (p.i.), again
çeyin, deyre	before, until	şeyin, deyin
quur	belt	beldik, belbew, taspa?	belt
topçu, tüymö	button (on clothing)	tüyme
kir, (ıplas??)	dirty	kir, las	dirty
jay	summer	jaz	summer
tübölük(kö)	forever, eternal(ly), everlasting(ly)	mäŋgi	forever, eternal(ly), everlasting(ly)
taarın-	to get offended	ökpele-	to get offended
zarıl	necessary/necessarily	qajet	necessary/necessarily
küzgü	mirror	ayna	mirror
qoşuna	neighbour	körşi	neighbour
böbök	baby	säbiy, närestey, böpe, äldiy?, böbek?	baby
ulaan, ula(n(t))-	continuing (adj.); continue (v.i.), keep doing, continue (?)	uzar(t)-	to continue (v.i., v.t.)
(aylana)-(çöyrö)	environs	(aynala)-(qorşaw)	environs
jooker, (sarboz (archaic))	soldier	sarbaz	soldier
atayın	on purpose	qasaqana	on purpose
atayı(n) emes, qoqustan	by accident	abaysızdan	by accident
ırğıt-	throw, chuck	laqtır-	throw, chuck
paymandas	brave	batıl, betti, jalaŋ tös	brave
muştum	fist	judırıq	fist
borbor	center	oşaq	center
soy-	slaughter [livestock] (and cutting other things open, like watermelons)	bawızda-	slaughter [livestock]
tosqool	hindrance, obstacle	böget	hindrance, obstacle
tekst	text	mätin	text
eşikte	outside	dalada	outside
çurqa-	run	jügir-	run
ACC/ABL ooz tiy-	taste (v.t.)	GEN däm◌+ACC tat-	taste (v.t.)
tamaşa	joke	äzil	joke
şakek	ring (jewelry)	jüzik, saqıyna	ring
qayırçılıq, tilemçilik	alms	qayırşılıq	alms
—	beer	sıra	beer
qoqo	adam's apple	jutqınşaq	adam's apple
bat-	fit (be enough space to fit)	sıy-	"
çükö	ankle bone shooting	asıq	"
daalı	top of back / back of shoulders	?
?		jawırın	shoulder blades
qumursqnın uyası/uyuğu	ant hill	qumursqanıŋ in
ıyıq	holy	kiyeli, äwliye	holy
dülöy, kereŋ?	deaf	saŋıraw, kereŋ?	deaf
badıraŋ	cucumber	qıyar (dial. bädriŋ)	cucumber
ilgeri-ilgeri zamanda	long long ago	erte-ertede	long long ago
çıqanaq	elbow	şıntaq (cognate??)	elbow
jöndömö	noun case	septik	noun case
möŋgü	glacier	muzart	glacier

Words where cognate's form is different

(or where only part of cognate is the same; cognate pieces underlined)

Kyrgyz		Kazakh
word	gloss	word	gloss
ayıl	village	awıl	village
iş/jumuş qıl-	to work	jumıs iste-	to work
tiyeşelüü	concerning	tiyisti	concerning
		qatıstı	related to
(bir) tuulğan	relative	tuwıs	relative
erteŋ menen	morning	taŋ-erteŋ	morning
etiş	verb	etistik	verb
zat atooç	noun	zat esim	noun
kiçinekey	little	kişkentay	little
teskeriçe	backwards, other way around	kerisinşe	backwards, other way around
tıyın çıçqan	squirrel	tiyin	squirrel
naqta	real	nağız	real
suroo	question	suraq	question
qız quumay	girl chasing	qız quwıw	girl chasing
amerikalıq	American	amerikandıq	American
abayla!	be careful!	abay bol!	be careful!

Cognates where default variant is different

Kyrgyz		Kazakh
word	gloss	word	gloss
aqısız, tegin	free (of cost)	tegin, aqısız	"
jardam, kömök	help, aid, assistance	kömek, jardam	"
jönöt-, jiber-	send	jiber-, jönet-, jolda-	"
jaqında	near	jaqında, juwıqta	"
jaq-	to be pleasing to	jaq-, una-	"
joluq-, kezdeş-	to meet (with)	kezdes-	"
daraq, baq	tree	ağaş, daraq	"
şaar	city	qala, şahar (dial.)	"
jılmay-	smile	kül-, jımıy-	"
muzdaq	cold (beverage)	muzdaq, muzday (dial.), salqın	"
bat, tez, ıldam, baçım, qatuu	"fast"	tez, jıldam	"
taqır	completely, bald	taqır	bald
tap-taqır, müldö, tipti	completely, totally	mülde, tipti, tipten	"
töş, kökürök	chest (anat.)	tös, kewde, omıraw, kökirek	"
bürsügünü, ((n)arı künü?)	day after tomorrow	arı küni, bürsigüni	"
ajatqana, daaratqana, töölöt	bathroom/toilet	däretxana, äjetxana, tüwälet	"
dayar, dayın (dial.)	ready	dayın, dayar, saylawlı	"
keleçek, (boloçoq)	future	bolaşaq, keleşek	"
şamal, jel	wind, breeze	jel, samal	"

Cognates with different vowel harmony

front/back differences

Kyrgyz		Kazakh
word	gloss	word	gloss
maalımat	information	mälimet, mağlumat	official information, information
aalam	~world	ğalam, älem	globe, world
aba	air	awa, äwe	air
baarı	all	bäri	all
daarat	excrement	däret	excrement
salam	a greeting	sälem	a greeting
jana	and	jäne	and
qana	~"let me see"	käne	~"let me see"
parda	curtain	perde	curtain
miŋ	1000	mıŋ	1000
idiş	dish	ıdıs	plate
tıyın çıçqan	squirrel	tiyin	squirrel
ısım	name	esim	name

disharmonic

Kyrgyz		Kazakh
word	gloss	word	gloss
maani	meaning	mağına, män	meaning
ajatqana	toilet/bathroom	äjetxana; qajet	toilet/bathroom; necessary
raqmat	thanks	raqmet	thanks
urmat	respect	qurmet	respect
qata	mistake	qate	mistake
mayram	celebration	meyram	celebration
qalempir	pepper	qalampır	clove(s)
misal	example	mısal	example
kitep	book	kitap	book
araket	attempt, try (~n.)	äreket	attempt, try (~n.)
azır	now	qazir, äzir	now

rounding

Kyrgyz		Kazakh
jıldız	star	juldız	star
jıpar	perfume	jupar	perfume
mın-	this (oblique forms)	mun-	this (oblique forms)
büt-	to finish (v.i.)	bit-	to finish (v.i.)
münöz	person's character	minez	person's character
ötük	boot(s)	etik	boot(s)
sülöösün	lynx	silewsin	lynx

..everything..

Kyrgyz		Kazakh
tobokel	risk (n.)	täwekel	risk (n.)

Kazakh words Fatima doesn't know

Maybe they're from a different dialect, or literary, but they're in the dictionary and have cognates in Kyrgyz.

• mıq - nail (n.)
• öb- - kiss (v.t.)
• jıljıtpa amal - cunning plan
• jasa- - live (v.i.)
• kör - blind (adj)
• suwır - marmot

Uncategorised

• Kazakh jüye - system
• basqı, başqı
• Kazakh mülde
• Kyrgyz ayabay
• Kazakh saw bol-
• Kazakh abay bol-, Kyrgyz etiyet bol-
• Kyrgyz qamsız qıl-
• Kyrgyz jaşoo
• qarın/qursaq
• Kyrgyz adis 'specialty, specialist', Kazakh mamandıq 'specialty', maman 'specialist', ädis ?'specialty'
• Kazakh mätin
• Kazakh amal joq, Kyrgyz ayla joq
• mıq/jügir??/şege
• Kyrgyz mint-/mıntⁱ-, antⁱ- (antkeni), oşent-, qantⁱ-, tigint-; Kazakh öyt- (öytkeni), söyt-, qaytⁱ-
• Kyrgyz tigi
• Kazakh/Kyrgyz jolı/jolu, ret/iret
• Kazakh lıpıl
• Kyrgyz qıtığıla- / Kazakh qıtıqta-
• Kyrgyz küü / Kazakh küy
• Kyrgyz ölöŋ / Kazakh öleŋ
• Kyrgyz taandıq / Kazakh tän
• Kazakh jarlıq
• qarapayım/kademki(/kädemgi)
• Kazakh jappay?
• juduruq/judırıq, muştum
• jubaylar?
• soqur/soqır

• Turkic sound changes#Scratch
• Kazakh a~ɯ problem
• Turkic words that shouldn't be as they are