Non-productive morphemes in Turkic

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-A (N→V)

  • boş - empty, free (space, time); boşo- - to empty, become free (v.i.)
  • at - name; ata- - to call/name (v.t.)
  • san - number; sana- - to count/enumerate (v.t.)
  • jaş - age (n.) / young; jaşa- - to live (v.i.)
  • - food; aşa- - to eat by stuffing food into mouth from hands (one's own or other's)
  • sın - criticism; sına- - to criticise, evaluate (v.t.)
  • qıŋğır - jingling, ringing; qıŋğıra- - to jingle, ring (v.i.)
  • qıyın - difficult; qıyna- - to be difficult (v.i.) ~ to torment? (v.t.)
  • til - tongue; tile- - to wish
  • orın - place/location; orna- - to be located
  • qan - blood; qana- - to bleed? (v.t.)
  • tüş - dream; tülö- - to have a dream

-sIz → -sIrA

  • alsız - weak; alsıra- - to weaken (v.i.)
  • Uzbek yog‘ - oil; yog‘sira- - to unoil(?)

-Ay (N→V)

  • az - little (in quantity); azay- - to lessen (v.i.)
  • çoŋ - big; çoŋoy- - to grow (v.i.)
  • köp - a lot; köböy- - to increase in quantity (v.i.)
  • keŋ - wide; keŋey- - to get wide (v.i.)
  • qıyşıq - crooked; qıyşay- - to get crooked (v.i.)
  • joon - thick (of cylindrical things); joonoy- - to thicken (??)
  • muŋ - grief; muŋay- - to be sad
  • qart - old (person); qartay- - to get old (v.i.)

r/z and l/ş alternations

  • köz - eye; kör- - see
  • semiz - fat (adj.); semir- - to get fat
  • jetkiz-/jetkir- - to ~lead somewhere / help reach
  • jatqız-/jatqır- - to make lie down
  • ötköz-/ötkör- - to carry out / execute
  • otqor-/otqoz - to graze (v.t.)
  • tüş/tülö- - dream (n/v.?.)

-KAr

  • ötkör-/ötköz- - to carry out / execute (v.t.)
  • atqar- - to carry out / execute (v.t.)
  • başqar- - to direct (v.t.)
  • qutqar- - to save (v.t.)
  • ayıpqar- -
  • unutqar- - forget
  • uyatqar- - to shame (v.t.)
  • bütkör- - to finish (v.t.)
  • kömkör- - to lay on front side (v.t.)
  • tütkör- - to make be enough (v.t.)
  • otqor-/otqoz- - to graze (v.t.)
  • (t)omqor / tomur- - to upturn something heavy

∅ (X↔V?)

  • köp - a lot; köp- - to swell, get big (in volume, not mass), rise (of dough)
  • toŋ - frozen ground(?); toŋ- - to freeze (v.i.)
  • qızıq - interesting (adj.); qızıq- - to be interested by (v.i.?)
  • kör
  • qır
  • köç
  • sağ - intellect (n.); saq- - think, consider

-Ar (Adj→V)

  • suu - water / wet; suğar- - to water (v.t.)
  • jaş - age (n.) / young; jaşar- - to get/look younger
  • qısqa - short; qısqar- - to shorten / get short (v.i.)
  • kök - green~blue; kögör- - to turn green (v.i.)
  • aq - white; ağar- - to turn white (v.i.)
  • jaŋı - new; jaŋır- - to be restored/revitalised/renewed (v.i.)
  • eski - old; eskir- - to wear out (v.i.)
  • içke - thin (of long things); içker- - to get thin (v.i.)
  • juqa - thin (of flat things); juqar- - to get thin (v.i.)
  • özgö - different/foreign; özgör- - to change (v.i.)

Other Alternations

  • ??? qız - girl / qızıl - red / qızı- - to blush / qızar- - to blush
  • jarıq - bright, jar- - explode
  • jalaŋ - naked, jalğız - lone, alone
  • balqaş - swamp, balır - swamp

Irregular forms

  • Kyrgz/Kazakh balabaldar
  • Sakha kııskıırkıttar

Complex Codas

  • Kyrgyz qarın ‘stomach’ → qard- (poss. root)
  • Kyrgyz murun ‘nose’ → murd- (poss. root)
  • Kyrgyz orun ‘place’ → ord- (poss. root)
  • Kyrgyz dial. moyun ‘neck’ → moyd- (poss. root)
  • OT oğıloğl-
  • Tatar siŋilsiŋl-

-KArI

keri means something like "backside side" or "reverse" or something, though this seems to be from the directive case -GArU

  • teskeri - backwards ← ters - opposite
  • tışqarı - aside from, outside of ← tış - outside
  • ilgeri