Elicitation of Kyrgyz prosody
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general structure
- CVCVCV word forms
- may be morphologically complex
vowels
- V ∈ { ɑ, i, u } or { ɑ, e, o } (e.g.)
- PROBLEM: can't generally get a short rounded vowel in a syllable following an unrounded vowel
- PROBLEM: can't generally get a front vowel in a syllable following a back vowel, and vice versa
- potentially look at V and Vː both
- PROBLEM: high unrounded vowels are non-existent (some sources) or rare (reality)
- PROBLEM: not really a long [iː]
- PROBLEM: not likely to get a long [eː] in 3rd syllable
consonants to avoid
- palatals (j, ʃ, ʤ, ʧ)
- maybe also: ɫ, β (especially after rounded vowels), ɣ, ʁ
other stress patterns
- potentially look at Russian words (with unpredictable stress)
- potentially look at morphologically conditioned stress
- PROBLEM: one of the few open-syllable morphemes involved is -BI, which will have β after another vowel
- PROBLEM (and generally): speakers don't always think about the meaning of these words when they get going with experiments
Forms organised by vowel
regular stressɑ, σ1
ɑ, σ2
ɑ, σ3
ɑː, σ1
ɑː, σ2
ɑː, σ3(none?) o, σ1
o, σ2
o, σ3
oː, σ1
oː, σ2
oː, σ3
e, σ1
e, σ2
e, σ3
eː, σ1eː, σ2eː, σ3 |
in Kyrgyz σσ́σ wordsɑ, σ1ɑ, σ2ɑ, σ3ɑː, σ1ɑː, σ2ɑː, σ3o, σ1o, σ2o, σ3oː, σ1oː, σ2oː, σ3e, σ1e, σ2e, σ3eː, σ1eː, σ2eː, σ3 |
in Russian σσσ́ wordsa, σ1a, σ2a, σ3o, σ1(reduces to [a]) o, σ2(reduces to [a]) o, σ3e, σ1e, σ2e, σ3 |
in Russian σσ́σ wordsa, σ1a, σ2a, σ3o, σ1(reduces to [a]) o, σ2o, σ3(reduces to [a]) e, σ1e, σ2e, σ3 |
in Russian σ́σσ wordsa, σ1a, σ2a, σ3o, σ1o, σ2(reduces to [a]) o, σ3(reduces to [a]) e, σ1e, σ2e, σ3 |
Potential forms
verb forms
CV(ː)
- sɑː(-ʁɑnɯ, -◌́ʁɯɫɑ)
- de(-ɣeni, -◌́ɣile)
CVC
- bøl(-yːny, -yːdø, -yːɣø, -ǿβy, -ǿly)
- kel(-yːny, -yːdø, -yːɣø, -éβi, -éli)
- bil(-yːny, -yːdø, -yːɣø, -éβi, -éli)
- ket(-yːny, -yːdø, -yːɣø, -éβi, -éli)
- byt(-yːny, -yːdø, -yːɣø, -ǿβy, -ǿly)
- kyt(-yːny, -yːdø, -yːɣø, -ǿβy, -ǿly)
- kez(-yːny, -yːdø, -yːɣø, -éβi, -éli)
- sez(-yːny, -yːdø, -yːɣø, -éβi, -éli)
- teβ(-yːny, -yːdø, -yːɣø, -éβi, -éli)
- til(-yːny, -yːdø, -yːɣø, -éβi, -éli)
- tiɣ(-yːny, -yːdø, -yːɣø, -éβi, -éli)
- bɑt(-uːnu, -uːdɑ, -uːʁɑ, -ɑ́βɯ, -ɑ́ɫɯ)
- qɑt(-uːnu, -uːdɑ, -uːʁɑ, -ɑ́βɯ, -ɑ́ɫɯ)
- qur(-uːnu, -uːdɑ, -uːʁɑ, -ɑ́βɯ, -ɑ́ɫɯ)
- bur(-uːnu, -uːdɑ, -uːʁɑ, -ɑ́βɯ, -ɑ́ɫɯ)
- tur(-uːnu, -uːdɑ, -uːʁɑ, -ɑ́βɯ, -ɑ́ɫɯ)
- tɯʁ(-uːnu, -uːdɑ, -uːʁɑ, -ɑ́βɯ, -ɑ́ɫɯ)
- qus(-uːnu, -uːdɑ, -uːʁɑ, -ɑ́βɯ, -ɑ́ɫɯ)
- tøɣ(-yːny, -yːdø, -yːɣø, -ǿβy, -ǿly)
- qɑz(-uːnu, -uːdɑ, -uːʁɑ, -ɑ́βɯ, -ɑ́ɫɯ)
- buz(-uːnu, -uːdɑ, -uːʁɑ, -ɑ́βɯ, -ɑ́ɫɯ)
- tyz(-yːny, -yːdø, -yːɣø, -ǿβy, -ǿly)
- sɑɫ(-uːnu, -uːdɑ, -uːʁɑ, -ɑ́βɯ, -ɑ́ɫɯ)
- ber(-yːny, -yːdø, -yːɣø, -éβi, -éli)
- boɫ(-uːnu, -uːdɑ, -uːʁɑ, -óβu, -óɫu)
- toɫ(-uːnu, -uːdɑ, -uːʁɑ, -óβu, -óɫu)
- qɯɫ(-uːnu, -uːdɑ, -uːʁɑ, -ɑ́βɯ, -ɑ́ɫɯ)
- kir(-yːny, -yːdø, -yːɣø, -éβi, -éli)
- bɑr(-uːnu, -uːdɑ, -uːʁɑ, -ɑ́βɯ, -ɑ́ɫɯ)
- tos(-uːnu, -uːdɑ, -uːʁɑ, -óβu, -óɫu)
- tiz(-yːny, -yːdø, -yːɣø, -éβi, -éli)
- kes(-yːny, -yːdø, -yːɣø, -éβi, -éli)
- bɑs(-uːnu, -uːdɑ, -uːʁɑ, -ɑ́βɯ, -ɑ́ɫɯ)
CVCV
- qɑrɑ(-dɯ, -sɑ, -βɑ), qɑroː(-nu, -su, -do)
- moqo(-du, -so, -βo), moqoː(-nu, -su, -do)
- tɑːnɯ(-dɯ, -sɑ, -βɑ), tɑːnuː(-nu, -su, -dɑ)
- toqu(-du, -sɑ, -βɑ), toquː(-nu, -su, -dɑ)
- tølø(-dy, -sø, -βø), tøløː(-ny, -sy, -dø)
- surɑ(-dɯ, -sɑ, -βɑ), suroː(-nu, -su, -do)
- qoro(-du, -so, -βo), qoroː(-nu, -su, -do)
- tile(-di, -se, -βe), tiløː(-ny, -sy, -dø)
- sɑsɯ(-dɯ, -sɑ, -βɑ), sɑsuː(-nu, -su, -dɑ)
- qɑːɫɑ(-dɯ, -sɑ, -βɑ), qɑːloː(-nu, -su, -dɑ)
- quɫɑ(-dɯ, -sɑ, -βɑ), quloː(-nu, -su, -dɑ)
CV(ː)CVC
- ketir(-e, -yː)
- sekir(-e, -yː)
- dedir(-e, -yː)
- bytyr(-ø, -yː)
- siŋir(-e, -yː)
- qɑtɯr(-ɑ, -uː)
- tɑmɯz(-ɑ(?), -uː)
- semir(-e, -yː)
- qɯzɯʁ(-ɑ, -uː)
- køɣyr(-ø, -yː)
- suʁɑr(-ɑ, -uː)
- qɯzɑr(-ɑ, -uː)
- køtør(-ø, -yː)
- qotor(-o, -uː)
- quɫɑt(-ɑ, -uː)
- tɑːnɯt(-ɑ, -uː)
- bølyn(-ø, -yː)
- tykyr(-ø, -yː)
- bɑqɯr(-ɑ, -uː)
- tɑʁɯn(-ɑ, -uː)
- tiɣil(-e, -yː)
- tɯʁɯɫ(-ɑ, -uː)
- tøløn(-ø, -yː)
- tɑːrɯn(-ɑ, uː)
- biriɣ(-e, yː)
- qorot(-o, uː)
- tøɣyl(-ø, yː)
noun forms
CVCVCV stems
- køløkø
- tameki
- munɑrɑ
- bosoʁo
- kereɣe
- tuqɑβɑ
- qumɑrɑ
- qɑzɯnɑ
- bødønø
- bøtøɣø
- tomoʁo
- tɑrɑzɑ
- bɑːɫɑnuː
- bɑqɯɫoː
- bɑɫɑtɯ
- buzɑqɯ/buzuqu
- burɑmɑ
- qɯtɯʁɯ
- mɑqɑɫɑ
- mamile
- sɑdɑqɑ
- tɑtɯnɑ
- tereze
CVː stems
- beː(-niki, -dɑʁɯ, -leri, -sine. -níβi, -déβi, -síβi, -ɣéβi)
- boː(-nuqu, -doʁu, -loru, -sunɑ, -núβu, -dóβu, -súβu, -ʁóβu)
- toː(-nuqu, -doʁu, -loru, -sunɑ, -núβu, -dóβu, -súβu, -ʁóβu)
- tøː(-nyky, -døɣy, -løry, -synø, -nýβy, -dǿβy, -sýβy, -ɣǿβy)
- køː(-nyky, -døɣy, -løry(?), -synø, -nýβy, -dǿβy, -sýβy, -ɣǿβy)
- buː(-nuqu, -dɑʁɯ, -lɑrɯ, -sunɑ, -núβu, -dɑ́βɯ, -súβu, -ʁɑ́βɯ)
- suː(-nuqu, -dɑʁɯ, -lɑrɯ, -sunɑ, -núβu, -dɑ́βɯ, -súβu, -ʁɑ́βɯ)
- bɑː(-nɯqɯ, -dɑʁɯ, -lɑrɯ, -sɯnɑ, nɯ́βɯ, -dɑ́βɯ, -sɯ́βɯ, -ʁɑ́βɯ)
CV(ː)C stems
- qoːz(-umɑ, -uɴɑ, -unɑ, -úβu)
- boːr(-umɑ, -uɴɑ, -unɑ, -úβu)
- søːɣ(-ymø, -yŋø, -ynø, -ýβy)
- møːr(-ymø, -yŋø, -ynø, -ýβy)
- nɑːm(-ɯmɑ, -ɯɴɑ, -ɯnɑ, -ɯ́βɯ)
- dos(-umɑ, -uɴɑ, -unɑ, -úβu)
- qoɫ(-umɑ, -uɴɑ, -unɑ, -úβu)
- bet(-ime, -iŋe, -ine, -íβi)
- til(-ime, -iŋe, -ine, -íβi)
- but(-umɑ, -uɴɑ, -unɑ, -úβu)
- quɫ(-umɑ, -uɴɑ, -unɑ, -úβu)
- qut(-umɑ, -uɴɑ, -unɑ, -úβu)
- pil(-ime, -iŋe, -ine, -íβi)
- tor(-umɑ, -uɴɑ, -unɑ, -úβu)
- syt(-ymø, -yŋø, -ynø, -ýβy)
- tør(-ymø, -yŋø, -ynø, -ýβy)
- tyr(-ymø, -yŋø, -ynø, -ýβy)
- qɑr(-ɯmɑ, -ɯɴɑ, -ɯnɑ, -ɯ́βɯ)
- nɑn(-ɯmɑ, -ɯɴɑ, -ɯnɑ, -ɯ́βɯ)
- boʁ(-umɑ, -uɴɑ, -unɑ, -úβu)
- qɑz(-ɯmɑ, -ɯɴɑ, -ɯnɑ, -ɯ́βɯ)
- sɯr(-ɯmɑ, -ɯɴɑ, -ɯnɑ, -ɯ́βɯ)
- bɑɫ(-ɯmɑ, -ɯɴɑ, -ɯnɑ, -ɯ́βɯ)
- tuz(-umɑ, -uɴɑ, -unɑ, -úβu)
- søz(-ymø, -yŋø, -ynø, -ýβy)
- køz(-ymø, -yŋø, -ynø, -ýβy)
- qum(-umɑ, -uɴɑ, -unɑ, -úβu)
- bɑɫ(-ɯmɑ, -ɯɴɑ, -ɯnɑ, -ɯ́βɯ)
- χɑn(-ɯmɑ, -ɯɴɑ, -ɯnɑ, -ɯ́βɯ)
- qɑt(-ɯmɑ, -ɯɴɑ, -ɯnɑ, -ɯ́βɯ)
- tøl(-ymø, -yŋø, -ynø, -ýβy)
- qɯɫ(-ɯmɑ, -ɯɴɑ, -ɯnɑ, -ɯ́βɯ)
- muz(-umɑ, -uɴɑ, -unɑ, -úβu)
- muːn(-umɑ, -uɴɑ, -unɑ, -úβu)
CV(ː)CV(ː) stems
- qozu(-nu, -ʁɑ, -dɑ, -ɫuː, -su, -mɑ, -ɴɑ, -◌́βu)
- bozo(-nu, -ʁo, -do, -ɫuː, -su, -mo, -ɴo, -◌́βu)
- qɯroː(-nu, -ʁo, -do, -ɫuː, -su, -mo, -ɴo, -◌́βu)
- suroː(-nu, -ʁo, -do, -ɫuː, -su, -mo, -ɴo, -◌́βu)
- mɑːni(-ni, -ɣe, -de, -ɫyː, -si, -me, -ŋe, -◌́βi)
- bølø(-ny, -ɣø, -dø, -lyː, -sy, -mø, -ŋø, -◌́βy)
- tɑɫɑː(-nɯ, -ʁɑ, -dɑ, -ɫuː, -sɯ, -mɑ, -ɴɑ, -◌́βɯ)
- qudɑ(-nɯ, -ʁɑ, -dɑ, -ɫuː, -sɯ, -mɑ, -ɴɑ, -◌́βɯ)
- sɑrɯ(-nɯ, -ʁɑ, -dɑ, -sɯ, -mɑ, -ɴɑ, -◌́βɯ)
- qɑrɑ(-nɯ, -ʁɑ, -dɑ, -sɯ, -mɑ, -ɴɑ, -◌́βɯ)
- tuːrɑ(-nɯ, -ʁɑ, -dɑ, -sɯ, -mɑ, -ɴɑ, -◌́βɯ)
- qoroː(-nu, -ʁo, -do, -ɫuː, -su, -mo, -ɴo, -◌́βu)
- qɑɫɑː(-nɯ, -ʁɑ, -dɑ, -ɫuː, -sɯ, -mɑ, -ɴɑ, -◌́βɯ)
- dɑɫɯ(-nɯ, -ʁɑ, -dɑ, -ɫuː, -sɯ, -mɑ, -ɴɑ, -◌́βɯ)
- bɑɫɑ(-nɯ, -ʁɑ, -dɑ, -ɫuː, -sɯ, -mɑ, -ɴɑ, -◌́βɯ)
- bɑɫɑː(-nɯ, -ʁɑ, -dɑ, -ɫuː, -sɯ, -mɑ, -ɴɑ, -◌́βɯ)
- bɑqɑ(-nɯ, -ʁɑ, -dɑ, -ɫuː, -sɯ, -mɑ, -ɴɑ, -◌́βɯ)
- qutu(-nɯ, -ʁɑ, -dɑ, -ɫuː, -sɯ, -mɑ, -ɴɑ, -◌́βu)
- sɑnɑː(-nɯ, -ʁɑ, -dɑ, -ɫuː, -sɯ, -mɑ, -ɴɑ, -◌́βɯ)
- muzoː(-nu, -ʁo, -do, -ɫuː, -su, -mo, -ɴo, -◌́βu)
- tize(-ni, -ɣe, -de, -lyː, -si, -me, -ŋe, -◌́βi)
- kene(-ni, -ɣe, -de, -lyː, -si, -me, -ŋe, -◌́βi)
- teri(-ni, -ɣe, -de, -lyː, -si, -me, -ŋe, -◌́βi)
- qoɫo(-nu, -ʁo, -do, -ɫuː, -su, -mo, -ɴo, -◌́βu)
- dɑrɯ(-nɯ, -ʁɑ, -dɑ, -ɫuː, -sɯ, -mɑ, -ɴɑ, -◌́βɯ)
- doːru(-nu, -ʁɑ, -dɑ, -ɫuː, -su, -mɑ, -ɴɑ, -◌́βu)
- bɑːrɯ(-nɯ, -nɑ, -mɑ, -ɴɑ, -◌́βɯ)
- mɑqoː(-nu, -ʁo, -do, -ɫuː, -su, -mo, -ɴo, -◌́βu)
CV(ː)CV(ː)C stems
The 3rd person possession suffix is the only way to get only an additional V?
- tɑːsiri
- sɑːdɑʁɯ
- tɑːlimi
- møːnøty
- qurɑmɯ
- bɑzɑrɯ
- bɑːtɯrɯ
- tɑɫɑβɯ
- qɑzɑnɯ
- qɑɫɯɴɯ
- quɫɑʁɯ
- køkyly
- soquru
- toqumu
- buːruɫu
- sɑsɯʁɯ
- tɑβɑʁɯ
- tɑmɑʁɯ
- sɯnɯʁɯ
- ketiɣi
- sɯzɯʁɯ
- kyrøɣy
- tileɣi
- kesimi
- sɑːmɑɫɯ
- qɑβɑrɯ
- quɫɑnɯ
- mɑqɑlɯ
- mɑrɑɫɯ
- kiteβi
- tumɑʁɯ
- sɑpɑtɯ
- sɯpɑtɯ
- beleɣi
- kømyry
- bɑɫɯrɯ
- syrøty
- qɑʁɑzɯ
- bølymy
- murutu
- sɑqɑɫɯ
- sɑmɯnɯ
- sɑmɑnɯ
- qɑβɑtɯ
- sɑʁɯzɯ
- bɑrɑʁɯ
- boɫotu
- temiri
- sezimi
- soːɫuʁu
- toɫuʁu
- tereɣi
- tɑrɑʁɯ
- dɑrɑʁɯ
- qɑreɣi
- qorozu
- topozu
- tɑrɑβɯ
- qomuzu
VCVCV
- ɑrɑβɑ
- ɑqɯrɯ
- ykyny, ykyɣø, ykydø, ykylyː, ykysy
- eːrine, eːrime, eːriŋe
- oːzunɑ
- eːridi
- unɑːnɯ, unɑːʁɑ, unɑːdɑ, unɑːɫuː, unɑːsɯ
- ɯsɯdɯ
- ɯsɯʁɯ
Russian words, unpredictable stress
- rokéta
- banán(-ɯ)
- balʲét(-ɯ)
- ʋalʲúta
- ɡitára
- kámʲera
- (ópera)
- kófʲe(-ni, -de, -ɣe, -lyː, -si, -◌́βi)
- píʋo(-nɯ/nu, -dɑ/do, -ʁɑ/ʁo, -ɫuː, -sɯ/su, -◌́βɯ/◌́βu)
- ɡazʲéta
- ɡazón(-u)
- dekán(-ɯ)
- zóna(-nɯ, -dɑ, -ʁɑ, -ɫuː, -sɯ, -◌́βɯ)
- kanáɫ(-ɯ)
- kanáda
- ʦarʲíʦa
- fanʲéra
- ʋaɡón(-u)
- fanát(-ɯ)
- fasád(-ɯ)
- ɡaráʒ(-ɯ)
- ɫóɡika
- polosá
- ʦˠitáta
- kamók (kamóɣu)
- ʦˠigán(-ɯ)
- tomát(-ɯ)
- bʲetón(-u)
- sɑ́ɫo(-sɯ/-su)
palatals or they'd be good
- ʃøkylø
- ʤoʁoru
- kiʧine
- ʤyɣøry
- ʤɑmɑːʧɯ
- tɑːʤɯnɯ, tɑːʤɯʁɑ, tɑːʤɯdɑ, tɑːʤɯɫuː
- oquːʧu
- iʧeɣi
- maʃine/maʃína
- ʃurunu, ʃuruʁɑ, ʃurudɑ, ʃuruɫuː
- ʤɑːʁɑnɯ
- bɯʧɑʁɯ
- qɑʃɯʁɯ
- ʤomoʁu
- ʧɑnɑnɯ
- dɑrɑʤɑ
- ʤɑʃɑdɯ, ʤɑʃɑsɑ
- ʤuːn(-uːdɑ, -uːʁɑ, -uːnu)
- qɑnɯʃɑ
patterns likely to be possible
Assuming { a, u, i} and excluding long vowels.
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