Turkic sound correspondences
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Correspondence | ЭСТЯ | chv | kir | uzb | uig | tur | gag | aze | tuk | klj | kjh | tyv | sah | Mongolic | gloss |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
*i / _ C æ? | *bæːʃ | pil(l)ɛk | beʃ | beʃ | bæʃ | bɛʃ | beʃ | bæːʃ | bieʃ | pis | beʃ | bies | ‘five’ | ||
ɕilxɛ | jɛlɛ | jelæ | lælæk | jelek | jælæːk | ʧilen | ʧel | siel | del | ‘mane, feather’ | |||||
*æ / _ C i? | kaɕ | keʧ | gɛʧ | giːç | ‘late’ | ||||||||||
jaɫ | el | el | il/æl | il/ɛl | iel | el | iːl | il | il | ‘nation’ | |||||
? | *el, *elik | aɫə | — | (ilik) | (ilik) | ɛl | jel | æl | el | æl | iliː/eliː | ‘hand’ | |||
pil(ɘk) | bel | bel | bæl | bɛl | bel | bel | biːl | biːel | pil | bel | biːl | belkeɣy | ‘waist; pass’ | ||
par- | ber- | ber- | bær- | vɛr- | ver- | ver- | ber- | (ver-) | pir- | ber- | bier- | ‘give’ | |||
keʧeː | keʧæ | kæʧæ | geʤe | geʤæ | geʤæ | giːʤe | kiːeʧæ | kiʒeː | keʒeː | kiehe | ‘evening/yesterday’ | ||||
*æ / _ C æ? | *æːr | ar | er | er | ær | ɛr | ær | æːr | hær | ir | er | er | ere | ‘man’ | |
*e? | ɕil | ʤel | jel | jæl | jɛl | jel | jel | jæːl | ʧil | (sillie) | ‘wind’ | ||||
kil- | kel- | kel- | kæl-/kil- | gʲɛl- | gel- | gæl- | gel | kæl- | kil- | kel- | kel- | ‘come’ | |||
kir(lɘ) | kerek | keræk | keræk | gɛrɛk | gæræk | gerek | kerek | kirek | xerek | kerex | ‘necessary/necessity’ | ||||
kas- | kes- | kes- | kes- | kɛs- | kæs- | kes- | kæs- | kis- | keъs- | keheː- | ‘cut’ | ||||
kaɕ- | keʧ- | keʧ- | kæʧ- | gɛʧ- | geʧ- | keʧ- | geʧ- | kæʧ- | kis- | keъʃ- | kes- | ‘pass over’ | |||
tarən | tereŋ | teræn | derin | derin | dærin | deriːŋ | tireŋ | tereŋ | tereŋ | ‘deep’ | |||||
ɕɘr | ʤer | jer | jær | jɛr | jer | jer | jer | jer | ʧir | ʧer | sir | ‘land’ | |||
*iː? | (ɘɕ) | iʃ | ɨʃ | ɨʃ | iʃ | iʃ | iʃ | iːʃ | iːʃ | iʃ | iːs | yle | ‘work’ | ||
*ji? | jɘr | iz | ɨz | ɨz | iz | jiz | iz | ɯːz | ɘs | is | ‘trace’ | ||||
(other?) | ek- | ‘sow’ | |||||||||||||
egin | ‘grain’ | ||||||||||||||
Correspondence | ЭСТЯ | chv | kir | uzb | uig | tur | gag | aze | tuk | klj | kjh | tyv | sah | Mongolic | gloss |
*y / _ C æ? | kɒʋɑk | køk | kȯk | køk | gøk | gøk | gøj | gøːk | kiːek | køk | køk | kyøx | køke/kyke | ‘sky; blue’ | |
kylɘ | køl | kȯl | køl | gøl | gøl | køl | køːl | køl | xøl | kyøl | ‘lake’ | ||||
*i / _ C u? | ɕɘʷɾ | ʤyz | jʉz | jyz | yz | jyz | jyːz | jyːz | ʧys | ʧys | syːs | ‘hundred’ | |||
*i / _ G o? | ɕɒʋɑɾ ‘mouth’ | ʤyz | jʉz | jyz | jyz | (j)yz | yz | jyz | jiːz | ʧys | syːs ‘forehead’ | niɣur | ‘face’ |
Vowel-height stuff
Correspondence | chv | kir | uzb | uig | tur | gag | aze | tuk | klj | kjh | tyv | sah | Mongolic | gloss |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ō? | ɕuɫ | ʤoɫ | jȯl | joɫ | joɫ | joɫ | joːɫ | juoːɫ | ʧoɫ | ʧoɫ | suoɫ | ‘road’ | ||
u/o/ɑ | suːq | sɒʁɨq | soːuk | ‘cold’ | ||||||||||
monʧoq | mʉnʧɒq | bonʤuk | moːnʤuq | ‘bead/necklace’ | ||||||||||
topurɑq | tʉprɒq | toprɑk | ‘dirt’ | |||||||||||
ojʁo-t- | ʉjʁɒ-t- | ujɑ-n- | ‘wake’ | |||||||||||
surɑ- | sȯra- | sor- | ‘ask’ | |||||||||||
ö/ü | ön- | ʉn- | ‘grow/rise’ | |||||||||||
ɑ/ɯ | ʤɑrɯq/ʤɑrqɯn | jɒrqɨn | ʧɯrɯq | ‘bright’ | ||||||||||
xɯrəm | qɑrɯn/qɑrn- | qɒrɨn/qɒrn- | kɑrɯn/kɑrn- | χɯrɯn/χɯrn- | ‘stomach’ | |||||||||
tɯmɑr | tɑmɯr | dɑmɑr | dɑmɑr | dɑmɑr | dɑmɑr | dɑmɯr | tɯmɯr | ‘vein, root’ | ||||||
ɕunɑt | qɑnɑt | kɑnɑt | ɢɑːnɑt | qɑnɑt | kɯnɑt, kɯj̃ɯɑt | ‘wing’ | ||||||||
il- | ɑɫ- | ɒl- | ɑɫ- | ɯɫ- | ‘take’ | |||||||||
ujəx | ɑj | ɒj | ɑj | ɯj | ‘moon’ | |||||||||
ɯʋət- | ɑt- | ɒt- | ɑt- | hɑt- | ɑt- | ɯt- | ‘shoot’ | |||||||
ɕəʋɫa-/ɕuɫa- | ʤɑɫɑ- | jala- | jɑlɑ- | jɑɫɑ- | jɑɫɑ- | jɑːɫɑ- | jɑlʁɑ- | ʧɑlʁɑ- | ʧɯlʁɑ- | sɑlɑː- | (ʤalgi- ‘swallow’?) | ‘lick’ | ||
ʤɑːq | jaʁ | jɑɴɑq | jɑnɑk | jɑnɑq | jɑnɑɢ | jɑɴɑq | nɑːx | ʧɑːq | sɯɴɑːχ | ‘cheek, jaw’ | ||||
ʧɑʧ- | sɒʧ- | ʧɑʧ- | sɑʧ- | sɑʧ- | sɑʧ- | sɑʧ- | sɑʧ- | sɑs- | ʧɑъʃ- | ɯs- | ‘scatter’ | |||
ʤɑt- | jɒt- | jɑt- | jɑt- | jɑt- | jɑt- | jɑt- | jɑt- | ʧɑt- | ʧɯt-(ɑr) | sɯt- | ‘lie’ | |||
tɑp- | tɒp- | tɯʋ-(ɑr) | ‘find’ | |||||||||||
ɑ | pɯɫ | bɑɫ | bɒl | bɑɫ | bɑl | pɑl | 'honey' | |||||||
ш/ɑ (*ɑ_i?) | tuɫ | tɯʃ | tɒʃ | tɑʃ | dɯʃ | dɑʃ | tɑʃ | tɑs | tɯʃ | tɑs | ‘outer part’ | |||
i / _ C ɑ # | juɾ | qɑɾ | qɒɾ | qɑɾ | kɑɾ | qɑːɾ | ɢɑɾ | ɢɑːɾ | xɑɾ | xɑɾ | xɑːɾ | kira-ɣu | ‘snow’ | |
jun | qɑn | qɒn | qɑn | kɑn | qɑn | ɢɑn | ɢɑːn | qɑːn | xɑn | xɑn | xɑːn | ‘blood’ | ||
ʧuɫ | tɑʃ | tɒʃ | tɑʃ | tɑʃ | tɑʃ | dɑʃ | dɑːʃ | tɒːʃ | tɑs | dɑʃ | tɑːs | čila-ɣu | ‘stone’ | |
ʃur/ʃurə | sɑz | sɒz | sɑz | sɑs | siraɣu/siruɣa ‘dirt’ | ‘marsh’ (Hungarian ʃaːr ‘mud’) | ||||||||
i/e | timɘr | temir | temir | demir | demir | demir | timir | temür | ‘iron, steel’ | |||||
i~y/æ~œ | pirɘ | bœry | bȯrɨ | børæ | børy | bøːry | biːeri | pyːr | børy | bœrœ | ‘wolf’ |
Consonants
Correspondence | chv | kir | uzb | uig | tur | gag | aze | tuk | klj | kjh | tyv | sah | Mongolic | gloss |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
lʧ | puɕ | bɑʃ | bɒʃ | bɑʃ | bɑʃ | bɑʃ | bɑʃ | bɑʃ | bɑʃ | pɑs | bɑʼʃ | bɑs | *balji | ‘head’ |