Difference between revisions of "Turkic sound correspondences"

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(→‎Vowel-height stuff)
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{|class="wikitable"
 
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! Correspondence !! chv !! kir !! uzb !! uig !! tur !! gag !! aze !! tuk !! klj !! kjh !! tyv !! sah !! Mongolic !! gloss
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! Correspondence !! ЭСТЯ !! chv !! kir !! uzb !! uig !! tur !! gag !! aze !! tuk !! klj !! kjh !! tyv !! sah !! Mongolic !! gloss
 
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!rowspan="2"| *i / _ C æ?
 
!rowspan="2"| *i / _ C æ?
 +
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| pil(l)ɛk || beʃ || beʃ || bæʃ || bɛʃ ||  || beʃ || bæːʃ || bieʃ || pis || beʃ || bies || || ‘five’
 
| pil(l)ɛk || beʃ || beʃ || bæʃ || bɛʃ ||  || beʃ || bæːʃ || bieʃ || pis || beʃ || bies || || ‘five’
 
|-
 
|-
 +
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| ɕilxɛ ||  ||  ||  || jɛlɛ || jelæ || lælæk || jelek || jælæːk || ʧilen || ʧel || siel || del || ‘mane, feather’
 
| ɕilxɛ ||  ||  ||  || jɛlɛ || jelæ || lælæk || jelek || jælæːk || ʧilen || ʧel || siel || del || ‘mane, feather’
 
|-
 
|-
 
!rowspan="2"| *æ / _ C i?
 
!rowspan="2"| *æ / _ C i?
 +
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| kaɕ || keʧ ||  ||  || gɛʧ ||  ||  || giːç ||  ||  ||  ||  || || ‘late’
 
| kaɕ || keʧ ||  ||  || gɛʧ ||  ||  || giːç ||  ||  ||  ||  || || ‘late’
 
|-
 
|-
 +
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| jaɫ || el || el || il/æl || il/ɛl || iel || el || iːl ||  || il ||  || il || || ‘nation’
 
| jaɫ || el || el || il/æl || il/ɛl || iel || el || iːl ||  || il ||  || il || || ‘nation’
 
|-
 
|-
 
!rowspan="4"| ?
 
!rowspan="4"| ?
 +
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| aɫə || — || (ilik) || (ilik) || ɛl || jel || æl || el || æl ||  ||  || iliː/eliː ||  || ‘hand’
 
| aɫə || — || (ilik) || (ilik) || ɛl || jel || æl || el || æl ||  ||  || iliː/eliː ||  || ‘hand’
 
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|-
 +
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| pil(ɘk) || bel || bel || bæl || bɛl || bel || bel || biːl || biːel || pil || bel || biːl || belkeɣy || ‘waist; pass’
 
| pil(ɘk) || bel || bel || bæl || bɛl || bel || bel || biːl || biːel || pil || bel || biːl || belkeɣy || ‘waist; pass’
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|
 
| par- || ber- || ber- || bær- || vɛr- || ver- || ver- || ber- || (''ver-'') || pir- || ber- || bier- || || ‘give’
 
| par- || ber- || ber- || bær- || vɛr- || ver- || ver- || ber- || (''ver-'') || pir- || ber- || bier- || || ‘give’
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|
 
|  || keʧeː || keʧæ || kæʧæ || geʤe || geʤæ || geʤæ || giːʤe || kiːeʧæ || kiʒeː || keʒeː || kiehe || || ‘evening/yesterday’
 
|  || keʧeː || keʧæ || kæʧæ || geʤe || geʤæ || geʤæ || giːʤe || kiːeʧæ || kiʒeː || keʒeː || kiehe || || ‘evening/yesterday’
 
|-
 
|-
 
!rowspan="1"| *æ / _ C æ?
 
!rowspan="1"| *æ / _ C æ?
 +
|
 
| ar || er || er || ær || ɛr ||  || ær || æːr || hær || ir || er || er || ere || ‘man’
 
| ar || er || er || ær || ɛr ||  || ær || æːr || hær || ir || er || er || ere || ‘man’
 
|-
 
|-
 
!rowspan="7"| *e?
 
!rowspan="7"| *e?
 +
|
 
| ɕil || ʤel || jel || jæl || jɛl ||  || jel || jel || jæːl || ʧil ||  || (sillie) || || ‘wind’
 
| ɕil || ʤel || jel || jæl || jɛl ||  || jel || jel || jæːl || ʧil ||  || (sillie) || || ‘wind’
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|
 
| kil- || kel- || kel- || kæl-/kil- || gʲɛl- || gel- || gæl- || gel || kæl- || kil- || kel- || kel- || || ‘come’
 
| kil- || kel- || kel- || kæl-/kil- || gʲɛl- || gel- || gæl- || gel || kæl- || kil- || kel- || kel- || || ‘come’
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|
 
| kir(lɘ) || kerek || keræk || keræk || gɛrɛk ||  || gæræk || gerek || kerek || kirek || xerek || kerex || || ‘necessary/necessity’  
 
| kir(lɘ) || kerek || keræk || keræk || gɛrɛk ||  || gæræk || gerek || kerek || kirek || xerek || kerex || || ‘necessary/necessity’  
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|
 
| kas- || kes- || kes- || kes- || kɛs- ||  || kæs- || kes- || kæs- || kis- || keъs- || keheː- || ||‘cut’
 
| kas- || kes- || kes- || kes- || kɛs- ||  || kæs- || kes- || kæs- || kis- || keъs- || keheː- || ||‘cut’
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|
 
| kaɕ- || keʧ- || keʧ- || kæʧ- || gɛʧ- || geʧ- || keʧ- || geʧ- || kæʧ- || kis- || keъʃ- || kes- || || ‘pass over’
 
| kaɕ- || keʧ- || keʧ- || kæʧ- || gɛʧ- || geʧ- || keʧ- || geʧ- || kæʧ- || kis- || keъʃ- || kes- || || ‘pass over’
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|
 
| tarən || tereŋ || teræn || || derin || derin || dærin || || deriːŋ || tireŋ || tereŋ || tereŋ || || ‘deep’
 
| tarən || tereŋ || teræn || || derin || derin || dærin || || deriːŋ || tireŋ || tereŋ || tereŋ || || ‘deep’
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|
 
| ɕɘr || ʤer || jer || jær || jɛr || jer || jer || jer || jer || ʧir || ʧer || sir ||  || ‘land’
 
| ɕɘr || ʤer || jer || jær || jɛr || jer || jer || jer || jer || ʧir || ʧer || sir ||  || ‘land’
 
|-
 
|-
 
!rowspan="1"| *iː?
 
!rowspan="1"| *iː?
 +
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| (''ɘɕ'') || iʃ || ɨʃ || ɨʃ || iʃ || iʃ || iʃ || iːʃ || iːʃ ||  || iʃ || iːs || yle || ‘work’
 
| (''ɘɕ'') || iʃ || ɨʃ || ɨʃ || iʃ || iʃ || iʃ || iːʃ || iːʃ ||  || iʃ || iːs || yle || ‘work’
 
|-
 
|-
 
!rowspan="1"| *ji?
 
!rowspan="1"| *ji?
 +
|
 
| jɘr || iz || ɨz || ɨz || iz || jiz || iz || ɯːz ||  || ɘs || is ||  ||  || ‘trace’
 
| jɘr || iz || ɨz || ɨz || iz || jiz || iz || ɯːz ||  || ɘs || is ||  ||  || ‘trace’
 
|-
 
|-
 
!rowspan="2"| (other?)
 
!rowspan="2"| (other?)
 +
|
 
|  || ek- || || || || || || || || || || || || ‘sow’
 
|  || ek- || || || || || || || || || || || || ‘sow’
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|
 
|  || egin || || || || || || || || || || || || ‘grain’
 
|  || egin || || || || || || || || || || || || ‘grain’
 
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|-
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|-
 
!rowspan="2"| *y / _ C æ?
 
!rowspan="2"| *y / _ C æ?
 +
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| kɔʋak || køk || kȯk || køk || gøk || gøk || gøj || gøːk || kiːek || køk || køk || kyøx || køke/kyke || sky; blue
 
| kɔʋak || køk || kȯk || køk || gøk || gøk || gøj || gøːk || kiːek || køk || køk || kyøx || køke/kyke || sky; blue
 
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|-
 +
|
 
| kylɘ || køl || kȯl || køl || gøl || gøl || køl || køːl ||  || køl || xøl || kyøl ||  || lake
 
| kylɘ || køl || kȯl || køl || gøl || gøl || køl || køːl ||  || køl || xøl || kyøl ||  || lake
 
|-
 
|-
 
!rowspan="2"| *yː?
 
!rowspan="2"| *yː?
 +
|
 
| ɕɔʋaɾ || ʤyz || || jyz || jyz || (j)yz || yz || jyz || jiːz || ʧys || || syːs || niɣur || face
 
| ɕɔʋaɾ || ʤyz || || jyz || jyz || (j)yz || yz || jyz || jiːz || ʧys || || syːs || niɣur || face
 
|}
 
|}

Revision as of 23:51, 11 April 2022

mid vowels

Correspondence ЭСТЯ chv kir uzb uig tur gag aze tuk klj kjh tyv sah Mongolic gloss
*i / _ C æ? pil(l)ɛk beʃ beʃ bæʃ bɛʃ beʃ bæːʃ bieʃ pis beʃ bies ‘five’
ɕilxɛ jɛlɛ jelæ lælæk jelek jælæːk ʧilen ʧel siel del ‘mane, feather’
*æ / _ C i? kaɕ keʧ gɛʧ giːç ‘late’
jaɫ el el il/æl il/ɛl iel el iːl il il ‘nation’
? aɫə — (ilik) (ilik) ɛl jel æl el æl iliː/eliː ‘hand’
pil(ɘk) bel bel bæl bɛl bel bel biːl biːel pil bel biːl belkeɣy ‘waist; pass’
par- ber- ber- bær- vɛr- ver- ver- ber- (ver-) pir- ber- bier- ‘give’
keʧeː keʧæ kæʧæ geʤe geʤæ geʤæ giːʤe kiːeʧæ kiʒeː keʒeː kiehe ‘evening/yesterday’
*æ / _ C æ? ar er er ær ɛr ær æːr hær ir er er ere ‘man’
*e? ɕil ʤel jel jæl jɛl jel jel jæːl ʧil (sillie) ‘wind’
kil- kel- kel- kæl-/kil- gʲɛl- gel- gæl- gel kæl- kil- kel- kel- ‘come’
kir(lɘ) kerek keræk keræk gɛrɛk gæræk gerek kerek kirek xerek kerex ‘necessary/necessity’
kas- kes- kes- kes- kɛs- kæs- kes- kæs- kis- keъs- keheː- ‘cut’
kaɕ- keʧ- keʧ- kæʧ-  gɛʧ- geʧ- keʧ- geʧ- kæʧ- kis- keъʃ- kes- ‘pass over’
tarən tereŋ teræn derin derin dærin deriːŋ tireŋ tereŋ tereŋ ‘deep’
ɕɘr ʤer jer jær jɛr jer jer jer jer ʧir ʧer sir ‘land’
*iː? (ɘɕ) iʃ ɨʃ ɨʃ iʃ iʃ iʃ iːʃ iːʃ iʃ iːs yle ‘work’
*ji? jɘr iz ɨz ɨz iz jiz iz ɯːz ɘs is ‘trace’
(other?) ek- ‘sow’
egin ‘grain’
Correspondence chv kir uzb uig tur gag aze tuk klj kjh tyv sah Mongolic gloss
*y / _ C æ? kɔʋak køk kȯk køk gøk gøk gøj gøːk kiːek køk køk kyøx køke/kyke sky; blue
kylɘ køl kȯl køl gøl gøl køl køːl køl xøl kyøl lake
*yː? ɕɔʋaɾ ʤyz jyz jyz (j)yz yz jyz jiːz ʧys syːs niɣur face

Vowel-height stuff

Correspondence chv kir uzb uig tur gag aze tuk klj kjh tyv sah Mongolic gloss
ō? ɕuɫ ʤoɫ jȯl joɫ joɫ joɫ joːɫ juoːɫ ʧoɫ ʧoɫ  suoɫ ‘road’
u/o/ɑ suːq sɒʁɨq soːuk ‘cold’
monʧoq mʉnʧɒq bonʤuk moːnʤuq ‘bead/necklace’
topurɑq tʉprɒq toprɑk ‘dirt’
ojʁo-t- ʉjʁɒ-t- ujɑ-n- ‘wake’
surɑ- sȯra- sor- ‘ask’
ö/ü ön- ʉn- ‘grow/rise’
ɑ/ɯ ʤɑrɯq/ʤɑrqɯn jɒrqɨn ʧɯrɯq ‘bright’
xɯrəm qɑrɯn/qɑrn- qɒrɨn/qɒrn- kɑrɯn/kɑrn- χɯrɯn/χɯrn- ‘stomach’
tɯmɑr tɑmɯr dɑmɑr dɑmɑr dɑmɑr dɑmɑr dɑmɯr tɯmɯr ‘vein, root’
ɕunɑt qɑnɑt kɑnɑt ɢɑːnɑt qɑnɑt kɯnɑt, kɯj̃ɯɑt ‘wing’
il- ɑɫ- ɒl- ɑɫ- ɯɫ- ‘take’
ujəx ɑj ɒj ɑj ɯj ‘moon’
ɯʋət- ɑt- ɒt- ɑt- hɑt- ɑt- ɯt- ‘shoot’
ʤɑːq jaʁ jɑɴɑq jɑnɑk jɑnɑq jɑnɑɢ jɑɴɑq nɑːx ʧɑːq sɯɴɑːχ ‘cheek, jaw’
ʧɑʧ- sɒʧ- ʧɑʧ- sɑʧ- sɑʧ- sɑʧ- sɑʧ- sɑʧ- sɑs- ʧɑъʃ- ɯs- ‘scatter’
ʤɑt- jɒt- jɑt- jɑt- jɑt- jɑt- jɑt- jɑt- ʧɑt- ʧɯt-(ɑr) sɯt- ‘lie’
ɑ pɯɫ bɑɫ bɒl bɑɫ bɑl pɑl 'honey'
i~y/æ~œ pirɘ bœry bȯrɨ børæ børy bøːry biːeri pyːr børy bœrœ ‘wolf’
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